Introduction to Hand and Power Tools

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Measurement Tools and Instruments

Topics: Classification of instruments; Measurements in maintenance; Process monitoring and quality assurance; Predictive maintenance

Learning Objectives:

• Define measurement, parameter, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and range.
• Explain why measurements are important to maintenance operations.
• Describe the general features of a portable measurement instrument.
• List the basic measurement instruments most often used in mechanical maintenance, and describe the operating principles of each.

Chapter 2: Measuring Tools

Topics: Linear and angular measurement; Rules and measuring tapes; Slide, vernier, and micrometer caliper; Squares

Learning Objectives:

• Explain how to hold a rigid rule correctly when measuring an object and show from which point the measurement begins.
• Describe how to set lock joint transfer-type calipers.
• Identify vernier calipers.
• Explain how to take a measurement with a micrometer caliper.
• Name the parts of a combination square.

Chapter 3: The Safe Use of Hand Tools

Topics: Screwdrivers; Wrenches; Hammers and mallets; Chisels; Punches; Saws; Files and rasps; Snips, nippers, and cutters; Pliers; Organizing tools

Learning Objectives:

• Name the major hand tools used in maintenance.
• State criteria for selecting the proper tools for specific jobs.
• Identify safe/unsafe practices in the use of hand tools and explain why they are safe/unsafe.
• Explain how to prolong the useful life of selected hand tools.
• Explain the advantages of having a well-organized tool box.

Chapter 4: Wrenches and Screwdrivers

Topics: Wrenches-open-end, box-end, combination, socket, adjustable, torque; Screwdrivers-standard, cross-slot, spiral, ratchet, offset; Driving and removing screws; Restoring a blade

Learning Objectives:

• Identify types of materials used for making wrenches.
• Identify open-end, box-end, socket, socket-head, adjustable, torque, and striking-face wrenches.
• Describe two sizes that are important in identifying a socket wrench.
• Identify standard, Phillips, offset, and spiral-ratchet screwdrivers.
• List the steps to follow when driving a screw.

Chapter 5: Fasteners

Topics: Threaded fasteners; Screw threads; Types of nuts; Washers; Safety wiring; Keys and pins; Rivets

Learning Objectives:

• Identify seven major types of threaded fasteners.
• Read and interpret common screw thread and threaded fastener specifications.
• Describe the three actions in a manual riveting operation, and explain why each action must be done properly.
• Demonstrate the proper technique for safety wiring a group of threaded fasteners.
• Identify three kinds of washers.

Chapter 6: Pipefitting Tools

Topics: Pipe wrenches; Vises; Cutting, reaming, threading, and tapping pipe; Cutting tubing and plastic pipe; Flaring tubing; Tool care

Learning Objectives:

• Identify a straight pipe wrench, a Stillson wrench, a chain pipe wrench, a strap wrench, and a compound-leverage wrench.
• Explain how to use a pipe wrench.
• Explain why a machinists' vise should not be used for holding pipe.
• Explain how to thread pipe.
• Explain how to clean a pipe tool.
• Explain how to cut and flare tubing.

Chapter 7: Plumbing Tools

Topics: Plumbing systems and codes; Joining pipe; Tube bending; Cutting and assembling pipe; Plungers; Augers; Sewer tapes; Special wrenches

Learning Objectives:

• Explain how to use a mechanical tube bender.
• List the steps in joining hubless pipe.
• Explain why the drain pipe should be completely covered by the force cup.
• Name the criteria used in selecting line clearing tools.
• List the steps in measuring pipe when using the center-to-center measuring systems.

Chapter 8: Electrician's Tools

Topics: EMT bender; Bending and assembling conduit; Knockout punches; Fish tapes; Pliers; Wire and cable strippers; Test and safety equipment

Learning Objectives:

• Explain how to use an EMT bender and a neon circuit tester.
• List the parts of a knockout punch.
• Name the uses of the all-purpose tool.

Chapter 9: Metalworking Tools

Topics: Vises; Hacksaws; Files; Taps; Dies; Thread classes; Reamers

Learning Objectives:

• Select the proper hacksaw blades for cutting various materials.
• Explain the difference between single-cut and double-cut files.
• List the types of taps usually found in a tap set.
• Explain how to cut an external thread on a bolt, screw, or stud.
• Explain how to remove a reamer from a hole.

Chapter 10: The Safe Use of Portable Power Tools

Topics: Hazards; Protection against shock; Drills, sanders, grinders, saws, shears, impact wrenches, and rotary hammers; Pneumatic tools

Learning Objectives:

• State three precautions to take before using any power tool.
• Describe the safe use of each of the following power tools: electric drills, sanders, grinders, and saws; electric impact tools; pneumatic impact wrenches and hammers.
• State three general guidelines for the safe operation of any portable power tool.
• Describe the potential electrical hazards associated with electric power tools.

Chapter 11: Electric Drills

Topics: Construction; Light- and heavy-duty drills; Accessories; Drill sizes and bits; Use and maintenance; Safety

Learning Objectives:

• Name four parts that are common to both the light-duty drill and the heavy-duty drill.
• Name the parts of a drill bit.
• Explain how to drill a blind hole.
• Explain how to inspect a drill bit, both visually and through testing.
• List the safety rules to follow when using electric power tools.

Chapter 12: Electric Hammers

Topics: Operation; Bits and chisels; Self-drilling anchors; Mechanical, electrical, and environmental safety

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the difference in hammering action between a percussion hammer and a rotary hammer.
• Select the proper chisel to use for each of the following jobs: brick cleaning; general demolition work; edging, chipping, and channeling; and removing floor tile.
• List the precautions that should be taken to ensure electrical safety when using an electric hammer.
• Name two safety items to use when operating an electric hammer in damp or wet areas.

Chapter 13: Pneumatic Drills and Hammers

Topics: Drill types and sizes; Bits; Operation; Hammer types; Chipping and scaling; Star drilling; Riveting; Tampers; Needle scalers; Diggers; Maintenance

Learning Objectives:

• Explain how drill size is determined.
• Describe the chiseling action of a bull point chisel when it is used to clean masonry seams.
• Describe how to use a rivet buster.
• Explain drill speed requirements.
• Identify various types of drill bits used in pneumatic hammers.

Chapter 14: Linear-Motion Saws

Topics: Straight-blade power saws; Saber saws; Plunge and straight cutting; Cutting metal; Reciprocating saws and blades; Band saws

Learning Objectives:

• List other names for both the saber saw and the reciprocating saw.
• Describe the cutting action of a saber saw.
• Explain how to draw a saw blade with regular set teeth and one with wavy set teeth.
• Explain how to plunge cut a rectangular opening.
• List the types of band saw blades described in this Lesson and a few characteristics of each.

Chapter 15: Circular Saws

Topics: Blades; Crosscutting; Ripping; Angular cutting; Plunge cutting; Notching and grooving; Cut-off wheels; Arbors; Accessories; Safety

Learning Objectives:

• Name the major parts of a circular saw.
• Describe the cutting action of a circular saw.
• List the factors that determine feed speed.
• State the definition of an arbor.
• Identify different types of blades.

Chapter 16: Electric Sanders

Topics: Belt, pad, orbital, and oscillating sanders; Use and maintenance; Disk sanders; Safety

Learning Objectives:

• Explain how to install a sanding belt.
• Identify different types of sanding belts.
• Explain how to flush the gear chamber of a belt sander.
• Discuss the assembly of a sanding disk.
• List the safety rules to follow when using a disk sander.

Chapter 17: Grinders and Shears

Topics: Grinder selection; Wheel classification; Mounting grinding wheels; Maintenance; Safety; Shears and nibblers selection and use

Learning Objectives:

• State the meaning of each symbol in the six-symbol standard marking system for grinding wheels.
• Explain the correct procedure for mounting a grinding wheel.
• List safety rules to follow when using a grinder.
• Discuss how to maintain grinders.

Chapter 18: Tool Sharpening

Topics: Whetstones; Using a bench grinder; Sharpening chisels, drill bits, screwdrivers, pointed tools, reamers, taps, and dies; Other methods

Learning Objectives:

• State the reasons for sharpening tools.
• Explain the use of whetstones
• Identify a bench stone.
• Explain how to sharpen taps, dies, screwdrivers, and chisels

Chapter 19: How to Grind Single-Point Tools

Topics: Tool materials; Relief angles; Grinders and grinding wheels; Finishing, grooving, and threading tools; Carbide-tipped tools

Learning Objectives:

• Describe the various materials used for tools.
• Identify the parts of a single--point tool.
• List important specifications for single-point cutting tools.
• Name the two basic types of grinders and explain how they are used to sharpen single-point tools.
• Explain the standard marking system for grinding wheels.
• Describe the best way to grind carbide-tipped tools.

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