Electrical Energy Conservation

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Surveying Electrical Consumption

Topics: Identifying electricity consumers; Determining system efficiency, consumption; Meter selection

Learning Objectives:

• Conduct an electrical energy audit.
• Determine the efficiency of an electrical system.
• Give three reasons for metering electric energy use.
• Name the three basic types of meters used in energy conservation work and explain how each is used.
• Differentiate between indicating and recording meters.

Chapter 2: Using Load Management Techniques

Topics: Load factor; Equipment audits; Target demand; Methods of control; Demand controllers

Learning Objectives:

• Name the two metered quantities that determine the major part of an electric bill.
• Define power factor and load factor and explain why each is important.
• Show how to use meters to identify usage patterns ad peak usage periods.
• Compare and contrast manual and automatic demand control and give an example of each.
• Name several types of demand controllers and tell how each operates.
• Describe the way in which electric bills are calculated.

Chapter 3: Improving Electrical Equipment Efficiency

Topics: Electrical quantities; Capacitors; Induction motors; Motor efficiency; Variable speed drives; Transformers; Energy saving devices

Learning Objectives:

• Name the two familiar forms energy may take.
• List three elements of impedance in an ac system.
• Explain how power factor is calculated in a single-phase and a three-phase circuit.
• Tell why capacitors are important from an energy conservation standpoint and name three sources of capacitance in an electrical system.
• Explain the information found on a motor nameplate and tell how it relates to energy on a electrical system.
• Calculate load losses and no-load losses of motors, speed controls, and transformers.
• Evaluate the value of energy-saving devices.

Chapter 4: Conducting a Lighting Survey

Topics: Lighting levels; Lighting survey; Improved switching; Reducing lamp size; Improved lighting controls; Task lighting; Using natural light

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the importance of a good lighting system.
• Define uniform lighting and selective task lighting and tell how they affect energy consumption.
• Determine recommended and actual lighting levels
• Distinguish between lumens and footcandles as measures of light.
• Give examples of ways in which switching modifications can be used to reduce energy consumption.
• Describe several ways to use natural lighting more efficiently.

Chapter 5: Evaluating Lamps and Fixtures

Topics: Incandescent and fluorescent lamps; Scheduling lamp replacement; HID, mercury, metal halide, high-, and low-pressure sodium lamps; Maintenance

Learning Objectives:

• Tell why cleaning lamps and fixtures is important.
• Compare and contrast incandescent and fluorescent lamps.
• Differentiate between R lamps and ER lamps.
• Name six types of lighting in order of efficacy.
• List advantages and disadvantages of each of the following types of high intensity discharge lighting: mercury, metal halide, HPS, and LPS.

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