Mathematics in the Plant

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Whole Numbers

Topics: Numbers and numerals; Decimal system; Positive and negative numbers; Addition; Multiplication; Subtraction; Division

Learning Objectives:

• Describe the difference between a number and a numeral.
• Demonstrate how to add three four-digit numbers, with carrying.
• Demonstrate how to subtract two four-digit numbers, with borrowing.
• Demonstrate how to multiply a four-digit number by a two-digit number.
• Demonstrate how to divide a four-digit number by a two-digit number.

Chapter 2: Common Fractions

Topics: Fraction definition; Improper fractions; Mixed numbers; Reducing fractions; Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions

Learning Objectives:

• State the definition of a fraction.
• Demonstrate how to reduce a fraction to its lowest terms.
• Demonstrate how to find the lowest common denominator of two fractions.
• Demonstrate how to add three common fractions having different denominators.

Chapter 3: Decimal Fractions

Topics: Rounding off; Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing decimals; Changing common to decimal and decimal to common fractions

Learning Objectives:

• Describe the difference between a decimal fraction and a common fraction.
• Demonstrate how to round off a decimal fraction to a specified number of places.
• Demonstrate how to multiply one decimal fraction by another.
• Demonstrate how to round off the products and quotients of decimal fractions.
• Demonstrate how to change fractions from common form to decimal form, and vice-versa.

Chapter 4: Ratios and Proportions

Topics: Comparing numbers; Expressing and writing ratios; Units in ratios; Proportion

Learning Objectives:

• Demonstrate how to calculate the ratio of two numbers.
• Demonstrate how to use a ratio to express a change.
• Demonstrate how to use a ratio to solve a typical plant problem.

Chapter 5: Powers and Roots

Topics: Repeating multiplication and division; Exponential form; Zero power; Roots; Fractional and decimal exponents

Learning Objectives:

• Demonstrate how to calculate the value of a number given in exponential form.
• Demonstrate how to write products and quotients of numbers given in exponential form.
• Demonstrate how to calculate the value of a number raised to a fractional power.
• Demonstrate how to calculate the value of a number raised to a negative power.

Chapter 6: Calculators

Topics: Inside a calculator; Internal logic; Basic and special functions; Special-purpose calculators

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the importance of an algorithm in a calculator.
• Describe how a calculator with arithmetic logic performs calculations.
• Describe how a calculator with algebraic logic performs calculations.
• Describe how a calculator with RPN logic differs from other calculators.

Chapter 7: Geometry

Topics: Lines and curves; Circles; Angles; Measuring angles; Polygons; Triangles; Quadrilaterals; Constructions

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the differences among a line, a line segment, and a ray.
• Identify a radius, a chord, and a diameter of a circle.
• Demonstrate how to measure an angle with a protractor.
• Define a circle.
• Identify a right triangle, an equilateral triangle, and an isosceles triangle in a drawing.
• Demonstrate how to duplicate an angle using a straightedge and a compass.

Chapter 8: Algebra

Topics: Symbols, expressions, and equations; Order of operations; Numbers and variables; Algebraic laws; Writing and solving equations

Learning Objectives:

• Demonstrate how to calculate the value of an expression by performing mixed operations in the correct order.
• Demonstrate how to write an algebraic equation, based on a relationship stated in words.
• Demonstrate how to solve an algebraic equation for a specific variable.

Chapter 9: Using Formulas

Topics: Solving sample problems; Length, area, and volume

Learning Objectives:

• Identify values as length, area, or volume, based on their units of measurement.
• Demonstrate how to calculate the surface area and volume of a rectangle, a circle, a cylinder, and a sphere, given the dimensions of each and a list of formulas from which to choose.
• Demonstrate how to calculate the length of one side of a right triangle, given the other two sides.

Chapter 10: Trigonometry

Topics: Properties of triangles; Trig functions; Trig tables; Inverse trig functions; Using trig functions

Learning Objectives:

• State the definition of the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle.
• Demonstrate how to find the value of the sine, cosine, and tangent of a given angle, using either a trig table or a calculator.
• Demonstrate how to find the inverse sine, inverse cosine, and inverse tangent of a given value, using either a trig table or a calculator. o Demonstrate how to solve a geometric problem, using trigonometry.

Request Exam Copies